![]() The smears should be rapidly air-dried (with a hair dryer on the highest setting directed to the back of the slide). Ideally, these should be “squash” (or better phrased “contact”) smears due to the viscosity. Regardless, direct smears should be made from any fluid and submitted with the EDTA tube. Sometimes only enough fluid is aspirated to make 2-3 smears. A culturette is preferred to a non-anticoagulant tube, if culture is anticipated or desired. A red top or non-anticoagulant tube is not usually indicated, because biochemical analyses are not usually performed on synovial fluids. If sufficient fluid is collected, it should be placed in an EDTA anticoagulant-containing or purple top tube (EDTA preserves cell morphologic features and inhibits bacterial growth). If the fluid remains bloody throughout collection, there could be intra-articular hemorrhage or blood contamination (smears can be assessed for evidence of prior hemorrhage, see below). If the fluid starts off clear and becomes bloody or starts off bloody and then become clears, blood contamination is likely. Sample collectionĪnalysis of synovial fluid begins at collection, assessing for blood contamination. A small volume of synovial fluid can normally be aspirated from joints in all species (up to 1-2 ml can be aspirated from equine joint fluids) and is colorless to light yellow and quite viscous. These proteins impart viscosity to the fluid, which is subjectively assessed as part of synovial fluid analysis. The cells produce hyaluronic acid as well as other constituents of synovial fluid, including glycosaminoglycans. Joints are lubricated by synovial fluid, produced by specialized lining cells, called synoviocytes.
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